Obesity And The Adult Population - 1774 Words

In this literature I am going to be discussing how obesity can be treated in the adult population. The reason why I’m going to discuss this is because according to the world health organisation (WHO, 2011) obesity is one of the highest risks to public health. According to Kolodziejczyk et al (2014) the national estimates in 2009 indicate that over 40% of young adults in the United States were overweight or obese. This shows that nearly half of the population in the United States are at risk. The reason why they are at risk is because being overweight is related to many health problems such as heart disease, breathing difficulties, type 2 diabetes, certain types of cancer, osteoarthritis and metal illnesses such as depression and anxiety†¦show more content†¦However too lose weight you would need to have an imbalance in energy intake and energy expenditure with energy expenditure exceeding energy intake. WHO (2011) say that â€Å"physical activity is any bodily movem ent produced by skeletal muscles that requires energy expenditure†. From this we can understand if you get the energy expenditure and energy intake the same a person would not lose ore gain weight and this is why PA is important in preventing obesity but to treat obesity there needs to have the imbalance in energy intake and energy expenditure. The following studies are short-term interventions that last for 6 months or below that have looked at the effects that exercise has on body weight and what diet and exercise have on body weight. When these studies have been compared to each other they have found that the combination between diet and exercise have the greatest impact on losing weight. For example, Hagen et al (1986) conducted a study on 48 males and 48 females who were obese and there ages being equal to 36.6 years. The aim of their study was to compare the effects of exercise and caloric restriction for a 12 weeks period. In this procedure they split the males into four groups and the females into four groups. These groups were the same for both males and females. The groups were a Diet and exercise group (DE), Diet group (D), exercise group (E) and the control group (C). Hagen et al (1986) found that there

Strategic Analysis of Kingfisher PLC Free Essays

Essay Question 1. Identify the company’s most recent international expansion and use relevant frameworks in assessing how cultural differences may hinder the growth of sustainable competitive advantage within the region. 2. We will write a custom essay sample on Strategic Analysis of Kingfisher PLC or any similar topic only for you Order Now Using the company’s most recent financial result, analyse its financial ratios, share price performance, and how it has performed since the financial crisis. Abstract Since its establishment in the 1980s, Kingfisher Plc has grown from a UK-based multi-retail sector conglomerate to an international retailer focused on the rapidly growing home improvement sector, and is currently ranked 52nd in the FTSE index with a market capitalization of ?6,320 (DigitalLook website, 2011). Despite stumbling at the financial crisis, the Group has recovered strongly which is represented by their improving financial performance. With more 840 stores across eight countries in Europe and Asia, Kingfisher Plc isEurope’s leading home improvement retail group, and is the third largest in the world, with the Russian market as its next target. In light of this relatively recent expansion into Eastern Europe, this paper aims to consider the impact of cultural differences on the growth of Kingfisher’s sustainable competitive advantage withinRussia. The evidence suggests that Kingfisher’s experience in international forays and investing abroad mean they are accustomed to entering markets such asRussia, and are well equipped to implement FDI effectively to ensure their Russian venture will prove fruitful in the years to come. Introduction: Kingfisher in Russia The Kingfisher group is an internationally recognized power in the retail sector, ranked 52nd in the FTSE Index in terms of market capitalization, and has several well known brand names such as BQ, Castorama and Brico Depot along with well-established businesses in its domestic UK market, Ireland and France; the past decade has also seen growing exposure to fast-growing, developing economies such as China, Poland and most recently, Russia. Following on from the Group’s success in Poland, in the last 3-4 years Kingfisher decided to venture further into Eastern Europe by attempting to establish its home improvement offerings in the Russian market. In a bid to fulfill the Group’s growth and returns criteria, under its Castorama format, Kingfisher aimed to tackle the large, growing and highly attractive Russian market (not least due to the strong GDP growth, even stronger retail market growth, declining inflation and stable exchange rate) (Press release, 2004). After all, R ussia has 13 cities with more than 1m inhabitants with a population that is also enjoying high disposable income due to low taxes, utility charges and housing costs. Since 2008, the Group has set up 5 Castorama stores in Russia and aims to continue in that vein for the foreseeable future (Kingfisher Annual Report 2009). Impact of cultural differences on sustainable competitive advantage Although it poses a valuable opportunity with great potential, there are significant cultural differences between the Russian market and Kingfisher’s domesticUKmarket which present the firm with challenges, particularly in the workplace, that can lead to communication difficulties, varied expectations and ultimately inefficiencies that would serve to hinder competitive advantage. Perhaps the most important model to date for studying cross-cultural communication is Geert Hofstede’s framework that defines national cultural values via five dimensions : Power Distance Individualism Masculinity Uncertainty avoidance Long-term orientation The first, power distance, describes the extent to which the less powerful members of organizations (and indeed society) accept and expect the unequal distribution of power. Thus small power distance nations are more democratic whereas large power distance nations are more autocratic and paternalistic (Mishra, 2008). Figure 1 in the appendix shows us that Russiamaintains a relatively high Power Distance Index (PDI) compared to both the US(who share very similar cultural values to the UK) and also to the rest of the world. In fact following a study of 39 of the world’s leading global players, the UKwas ranked 30th in terms of PDI (Yates, 2005). Figure 1 also indicates that Russia has low individualism and is a less masculine culture. The former suggests that Russia has a predominantly collectivist culture, whereby people are integrated into cohesive and loyal long-term groups; the UK by stark contrast, is ranked the 3rd with respect to a highly individualistic culture with far les inter-personal ties, less sharing of responsibility and encouragement of individual personalities and affiliations. The latter similarly, demonstrates a significant difference in national cultures whereby Russia represents a more feminine culture with greater emphasis placed on relationships and equality, whilst the UK has a highly masculine culture which values competitiveness, ambition, and the accumulation of wealth and possessions. Russia has relatively higher scores than the UK in the final two dimensions demonstrating a high degree of uncertainty avoidance (UAI) and a strong orientation towards long-term objectives and ideals. A high UAI score indicates a low tolerance for uncertainty and ambiguity, with strict laws and rules to discourage innovative and deviant ideas, and resist change. On the other hand, British culture is far more accepting of alternative opinions and values differences and novelty. Unwillingness to adapt to change could prove particularly prominent for the Group’s expansion as in the past, the Russian home improvement market has for the most part, been dominated by small-to-medium, family-run businesses which offer products and services that are a far cry from the standardised offerings of large Western multinational retailers such as Kingfisher and Ikea (Leroux, The Times, 2009). The final dimension too, highlights another key difference in terms of British and Russian long term orientation. Russian society places greater importance on future rather than the past and present; thus key values are perseverance, thrift and shame. British society contrastingly, values actions and attitudes affected by the past and present, such as personal stability and creativity (MindTools website).[1] Also worth considering is the notion of psychic distance and critical role it plays in firm internationalization, as first put forward by Johanson Wiedersheim-Paul (1975) in their Uppsala Model of Internationalisation. The authors define this concept as â€Å"†¦factors preventing or disturbing the flow of information between firms and markets in terms of differences in language, culture, political systems, level of education, level of industrial development, etc.† The upshot of this concept is that when selecting a target market for international expansion, firms tend firstly to enter geographically proximal and culturally similar countries. Johanson Vahlne (2003) explained these patterns by maintaining that as a firm operates in a foreign market, it gathers experiential knowledge that enables it better identify and evaluate business opportunities and eventually make new market commitments. Its domestic British market is both geographically and culturally distant from the potential Russian market, yet Kingfisher has successful experience in international expansion into culturally diverse nations such asFrance,Turkey andPoland. Financial performance Since its inception, the Group has expanded rapidly by acquiring retailers and knowledge in markets all over the world. However the financial crisis hit the Group hard, represented in Figure 4, which depicts a dramatic fall in share price between 2007 and 2008, bottoming out at just below 100p during 2008. Observing Figure 2, one can see this same trend reflected in the firm’s earnings per share (EPS) and price to equity (P/E) ratios: the 2006/07 period saw EPS reach highs of over 12p and a high P/E of approximately 20 years. Both measures are good indicators of earnings growth whilst the latter also highlights the relative expensiveness of the stock, and level of investor demand for the shares. But in 2008, EPS growth fell by a dramatic 11% and P/E also dropped significantly to around 14 years. However 2009 saw the firm begin its post-crisis recovery with a consistently rising share price and growing EPS, although P/E ratio was still falling. Last year saw a profound, near 50 % increase in EPS, a slight rise in P/E and even an increase in dividends; share price at the end of 2010 had reached its highest since 2007 at around 260p. The forecasts for the following years in Figure 3 indicate further revenue and EPS growth, albeit at a slower rate, and generally good performance and stock health despite a forecast fall in P/E ratio (DigitalLook website, 2011). Conclusion Kingfisher Plc, perhaps more so than other global retail giants due to their British base, was certainly hit by the recent financial crisis and this was reflected by the fall in earnings and share price in the 2007-2008 period. However the Group’s diverse range of products and services as well as its brand reputation and vast geographical reach, has enabled it to weather the storm and bounce back positively. Its commitment to international expansion and its keenness to explore potential new markets have been key to its rapid growth and establishment as a true international player. However the Group’s expansion intoRussiais at an early stage and cultural differences would need to be tackled in order to obtain significant market share. As outlined earlier, theUKandRussiaare culturally distinct and operating a foreign subsidiary and catering for Russian demand both require an understanding and knowledge of the Russian market. However, it is crucial to note that the firm ha s already been successful in diverse markets by hiring top management staff who are well-experienced in the markets they are targeting. InRussiafor example, Kingfisher hired Peter Partma as country manager due to his 6 years experience as country retail manager in IkeaRussia. By employing international retailing talent with appropriate market specific experience such as Mr. Partma, the Group has managed to close the gap in psychic distance and introduce Russia-specific knowledge to their management. Furthermore, having set up some 15 stores inPoland, an Eastern European and culturally alike nation toRussia, the firm has knowledge of how to cater for demands, tastes and ideologies similar to those of the Russian people. So whilst the culture divide between Kingfisher’s home country and its latest foreign target is considerable, the firm’s existing expansion projects and experience of international markets, on top of its wealth of market specific talent and know-how via its management team, has helped mitigate the effects of cultural differences and enabled the transfer of critical knowledge into the firm which will prove vital to its success. Bibliography/References â€Å"Delivering value: Key steps and aims† (2009) Kingfisher Annual Report and Accounts â€Å"Digital Look: Kingfisher Company Research† (2011) http://www.digitallook.com/companyresearch/10053/Kingfisher/company_research.html â€Å"Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions: Understanding workplace values around the world† (2011), Mindtools: http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newLDR_66.htm Johanson, J. Wiedersheim-Paul, F. (1975) â€Å"The internationalization of the firm: Four Swedish case studies.† Journal of Management Studies, p305-22 Johanson, J. Vahlne, J.-E. (2003), â€Å"Business relationship learning and commitment in the internationalisation process†, Journal of International Entrepreneurship, Vol. 1 p.83-101 â€Å"Kingfisher plc appoints management for expansion in Russia† (2004) Kingfisher Press Release Leroux, M. (10/2009) â€Å"Kingfisher turns again to Ikea for help as it focuses on expansion†, The Times Mishra, G. (2008) â€Å"Using Geert Hofstede Cultural Dimensions to Study Social Media Usage in BRIC Countries†, International Values and communication Technologies Yates, M. (2005) â€Å"Cultural Differences: It’s More than Geography that Matters† http://www.growing-global.com/detail.asp?ID=23 Appendix Figure 1 Figure 2 Kingfisher Fundamentals Year Ending Revenue (?m) Pre-tax (?m) EPS P/E PEG EPS Grth. Div Yield 28-Jan-06 8,010.10 231.8 12.30p19.7 n/a-38% 10.65p4.40% 03-Feb-07 8,676.00 450 11.90p21.2 n/a-3% 10.65p4.20% 02-Feb-08 9,050.00 366 10.60p14.2 n/a-11% 7.25p4.80% 31-Jan-09 10,026.00 90 11.00p12.6 3.2 4% 5.33p3.80% 30-Jan-10 10,503.00 566 16.40p12.9 0.3 49% 5.50p2.60% Figure 3 Kingfisher Forecasts Year Ending Revenue (?m) Pre-tax (?m) EPS P/E PEG EPS Grth. Div Yield 31-Jan-11 10,518.64 660.58 19.57p13.7 0.7 19% 6.52p2.50% 31-Jan-12 10,873.08 758.28 22.31p12 0.9 14% 7.64p2.90% 31-Jan-13 11,423.41 847.8 24.99p10.7 0.9 12% 9.03p3.40% Figure 4: Kingfisher Share Price How to cite Strategic Analysis of Kingfisher PLC, Essay examples

Peter the Great free essay sample

An examination of the military and cultural transformation of Russia under the rule of Peter the Great. This paper examines the move toward westernization that took place in Russia under the reign of Peter the Great. It provides an accounting of Peters achievements that so intensely impacted Russian society and a discussion of the reasons behind Peters success . The groundwork for the Golden Age that Russia experienced between mid-eighteenth and mid-nineteenth century was laid down by Peter the Great who founded and established the paradigms required for Russias supremacy. Peter the Great, the most influential czar and military leader in Russian history, literally transformed his country from an almost medieval backwater region into one of the worlds great powers at the beginning of the eighteenth century. Russia had missed out on both the Renaissance and the Reformation, which left it nearly a century behind the rest of Europe in every field imaginable: social, cultural, political and educational . We will write a custom essay sample on Peter the Great or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page However, due to Peters keen observations and the effective plans of action that thus evolved, Russia emerged, almost overnight, as a mighty empire comparable with the likes of Britain, France and Germany. This rapid change in Russias status was thus, wholly dependent upon the revolutionary ways of Peter the Great that he employed to rule over Russia.

The Death Penalty (876 words) Essay Example For Students

The Death Penalty (876 words) Essay The Death PenaltyI feel that this type of punishment is cruel and unusual. in violation of the EighthAmendment. I also say with the long wait on death row and the inefficiency of thesystem, criminals are not deterred by this treatment. In addition, they ask, where is theline drawn for crimes punishable by death? Out of 3,860 inmates executed from 1930 to1980, 3380 were executed for murders; however, about 500 more were put to death forother crimes. There is also the possibility that a criminal might be put to death for a crimethat another criminal in different state might have gotten a different punishment for. Andmore minorities and ethnic Americans are executed, for the same crimes, than whiteAmericans. If people want to punish some one , I think killing really isnt going to doanything. When a person steps foot in the world of crime, they give up life. So how isstopping life and giving up life really different. Death will approach them anyway, theonly different thing is who hand th em it . I dont think Human have any right to takesomeones life, even our own. If people want to punish these criminals, punish them in away that they feel pain ,and agony, so that they ask for you to kill them. For the peoplewho have no conscience, we need to create one for them, so they can at least know andfeel the guilt of what theyve done. We will write a custom essay on The Death Penalty (876 words) specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now As of September 24, the United States set a new record by executing seventy-six persons in 1999,more than in any year since the death penaltys reinstatement in 1976. Nearly half of the 1999 executionsthrough September were carried out in Texas and Virginia. Among those executed in 1999 were foreignnationals, a juvenile offender, and individuals who may have been mentally ill or retarded. Approximately3,500 people were on death row. Doubts about the death penalty were particularly acute in Illinois: three of the six personsexonerated on grounds of innocence and released from death row during 1999 had been tried andimprisoned there. Illinois dramatic cases in 1999-one of the death row inmates had come within two days ofexecution five months before his exoneration-sparked a number of investigations into the states use of thedeath penalty. Governor George Ryan also signed legislation devoting public funds for prosecution anddefense in capital trials, including monies for attorneys, investigators, and forensic specialists. The US continued to be one of only six countries to execute persons who were younger thaneighteen when the crimes for which they were sentenced were committed. The imposition of the deathpenalty on persons who were under eighteen years of age at the time of their offense violated the provisionsof international and regional human rights treaties to which the United States is party. Despite nearlyunanimous international condemnation of the use of the death penalty for juvenile offenders, six countries inthe world-Iran, Nigeria, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, the United States, and Yemen-were known to haveexecuted juvenile offenders in the 1990s. The United States led the list with ten such executions between1990 and 1999. In 1999, the United States carried out the execution of one juvenile offender, Sean Sellers,marking the first time in forty years that the United States has executed someone for crimes committed as asixteen-year-old. Seventy juvenile offenders were on death row in the United States as of July 1, 1999. In positive developments, the highest court of the US state of Florida ruled that the imposition ofthe death penalty on sixteen-year-old offenders was cruel and unusual punishment in violation of the stateconstitution; and effective October 1, 1999, the state of Montana abolished the death penalty for thoseunder eighteen at the time of their crimes. As a result, of the forty states that retained the death penalty afterOctober 1999, six allowed offenders sixteen years of age or older to be put to death. Nineteen states limitedthe death penalty to those seventeen or older at the time of their crimes, and fifteen states restricted capitalpunishment to adult offenders. .uc8ec75b242eba9a9640bf964b2266510 , .uc8ec75b242eba9a9640bf964b2266510 .postImageUrl , .uc8ec75b242eba9a9640bf964b2266510 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc8ec75b242eba9a9640bf964b2266510 , .uc8ec75b242eba9a9640bf964b2266510:hover , .uc8ec75b242eba9a9640bf964b2266510:visited , .uc8ec75b242eba9a9640bf964b2266510:active { border:0!important; } .uc8ec75b242eba9a9640bf964b2266510 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc8ec75b242eba9a9640bf964b2266510 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc8ec75b242eba9a9640bf964b2266510:active , .uc8ec75b242eba9a9640bf964b2266510:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc8ec75b242eba9a9640bf964b2266510 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc8ec75b242eba9a9640bf964b2266510 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc8ec75b242eba9a9640bf964b2266510 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc8ec75b242eba9a9640bf964b2266510 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc8ec75b242eba9a9640bf964b2266510:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc8ec75b242eba9a9640bf964b2266510 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc8ec75b242eba9a9640bf964b2266510 .uc8ec75b242eba9a9640bf964b2266510-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc8ec75b242eba9a9640bf964b2266510:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Prevalent Issues of Surrogate Parenting EssayState authorities and US courts continued to disregard violations of the rights of defendants whowere not US citizens. Under the Vienna Convention, these defendants were supposed to be advised, uponarrest, of their right to contact their embassies for assistance. In 1999, five foreign nationals were executeddespite reports that their right to consular notification had been breached: Jaturun Siripongs of Thailand;Karl and Walter LaGrand, brothers from Germany; Alvaro Calambro of the Philippines; and StanleyFaulder of Canada. Pleas from their governments were ignored, as were appeals from theInternational Court of Justice in t he cases of the LaGrand brothers and Stanley Faulder. The USState Department did show signs of increased concern about Vienna Convention violations: Secretary ofState Madeleine Albright wrote to Texas Governor George Bush in an attempt to halt the execution ofStanley Faulder, and the department was reportedly publishing and distributing training materials for policeregarding their obligations under the convention. In October, the Inter-American Court of Human Rightsissued an advisory opinion regarding US obligations under the Vienna Convention and opined that thefailure to notify foreign nationals about their right to seek consular assistance was in all cases a violation ofdue process under the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the American Convention onHuman Rights. Bibliographywww.politicalissues.com

Background of Transgenic Research essays

Background of Transgenic Research essays Genetic engineering has opened many doors for new sciences to develop. One such science is the research and alteration of the food we eat; this is commonly known as transgenic research. Whether through crops or agricultural animals, the common goal is to increase food surplus. Most of the GM (genetic modification) research is focused on causing crops to withstand herbicides and pesticides so more of these chemicals can be poured on the land without hurting the food. The national director of the BioDemocracy Campaign, Ronnie Cummins, lists that The leaders in biotechnology are the same giant chemical companiesMonsanto, DuPont, AgroEvo, Novartis, and Rhone-Poulencthat sell toxic pesticides. These companies sell crops that are resistant to their own herbicides and pesticides so they can sell those as well (115). This seems to be driven by the desire of money and profit gain. In a similar article, Brian Halweil observes that the seeds of these herbicide-resistant crops (HRCs), are packaged with Monsantos best selling herbicide, Roundup (143). The outcome for these GM crops is an increase of the use of toxic chemicals; this will at first cause a higher yield of grain, but will ultimately pollute our land With the main goal of transgenic research to cure world hunger, most people would be in favor if it did indeed meet the worlds food demand. Transgenic research is not the only way to treat the world hunger problem though. According to Norman Borlaug, in 1994 the world produced 5 billion metric tons of food, and if it had been distributed evenly, then a diet of 2,350 calories could have been distributed to 6.4 billion people for a year about 800 million more than the population of 1994 (134). This shows a major unbalance of food distribution to countries. The current solution taking place, instead of...

Identification of Qualitative Methodology Research Paper

Identification of Qualitative Methodology - Research Paper Example The group also consisted of women who were in assistant-variety positions which was intended to emphasize scenarios where power and control were highlighted. Based on the background given about Taiwan, the sample population recruited for the study was appropriate as well. The observational approach to the research was not significant because there is no mention of time-frame for each of these observational sessions nor a description of the observed environment. In many respects, this aspect could have either been eliminated from the study or enhanced further to justify methodology. The on-site observation would require being a separate event from interview environments to avoid researcher error or bias. This study also did not clearly outline its intended objectives, moving directly from the background of Taiwan business to theoretical secondary sources with no mention of a direct goal. The interest of the study was clearly to find out information about this working environment without a strong focus on what was intended to be proven or disproven. The con of this approach is that it was too broad of a research study with no clearly outlined research objective. (or trends) based on responses. The researcher categorized these responses into power, gender, and office politics. This study has bias in it though as it chose a sample of women who were in clearly-inferior job roles to other authoritarian leaders (by hierarchical design), which seems to have lessened the study’s reliability and/or validity. Having no clear research objective and a sample which was not, by design, unbiased is another con of this research study methodology. A cross section of male workers, in similar environments in support roles, would seem to justify the relationship between power and gender in the workplace better. This would mean having to add on more interviews for a different cross-section of male

MIS case Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

MIS case - Research Paper Example It can produce a working schedule for every store in a matter of hours. The employees at Wal-Mart are facing an ethical dilemma by the Kronos system. The new scheduling is favored by Wal-Mart as it increases the profit margin and reduces the cost but on the other hands it is unfavorable to the employees. As scheduling for employees requires personal judgment and takes in to consideration the needs of the employees, the new software is unable to do so. The ethical dilemma that Wal-Mart will face after the complete installation of Kronos will be beyond control. This system urges the management to hire fewer numbers of employees as needed according to the number of customers at the store. This conflicting condition where employees will be asked to visit at different hours will result in an ethical dilemma as the new system will decrease the job stability of the employees. The minimum wage staff will be highly affected and may leave the company and the reputation of Wal-Mart will be badly influenced. As the employees need to fill a form for informing the hours they can be available at so that a computerized scheduling system will make a shift schedule accordingly. The ethical issue of misinforming the employee may arise if the employees fill wrong information in the form to have a shift schedule with longer hours. The high paid associated feel that the new computerized system makes them quit their job as they are unable to meet the shift requirements asked by the company which comprises of some hours in day time and late hours. If these associates quit, they will be replaced by inexperienced lower staff as this may result in poor customer service (Walmart, 2013). The ethical principle that applies in this situation is â€Å"Do unto others as you may have them do unto you.† After the computerized scheduling system, we see that the employees of Wal-Mart are dissatisfied and some are relying on opportunities where they can depend on false